Accuracy of Different Clock Types

I’m trying to gain a better understanding of the accuracy of different clock types.

I see the terms Femto, OCXO, VCXO, TCXO, etc. being used, and I understand (I think) that the --XO nomenclature refers to how a clock is stabilized and thus its presumed accuracy with Oven Controlled being the most “accurate”. I also believe the --XO clocks are single frequency, whereas a Femto clock is variable frequency.

What I haven’t found is a discussion or commentary on the accuracy of a Femto clock vs an OCXO clock. Can a Femto be just as accurate? Is it a fool’s errand to believe that a particular clock type is inherently more accurate than another (assuming competent implementation)?

Hi Bob,

Typically a femto clock that has a phase stability on the order of femto seconds, 10^-15 seconds.

If the phase stability is poor it is said that the clock has a lot of jitter.

There are a lot of other details in the specification of an oscillator. For digital audio the short term stability of an oscillator is very important.

However, most crystal oscillators only specify their long term stability because that is what fits most applications.

MSB makes their own crystal oscillators. There is a lot of detail about them here: Learn More About MSB Clock Technology - MSB Technology

Dan

Thanks Dan, I appreciate the link to the MSB Clock Technology write-up.

Even if you know a lot about clocks, parsing through the audiophile world is nearly impossible. Measurements are also mostly useless when it comes to evaluations. They are self published and depending on the parameters of measurement can vary wildly and still be true. Even if the clock signal is fantastic, you need the electronics to take advantage of it. That webpage is a good start to understanding MSB clocks. Its not my specialty as the industrial designer, but I know enough to be wary :smile:

Thanks Daniel.

MSB designs notwithstanding, there seems to be a general feeling in the audio community that OCXO clocks are “the best” due to their stability. My take is that implementation is of primary importance, and focusing on OCXO vs Femto etc. is a secondary consideration. If the implementation is subpar, clock accuracy becomes moot…lipstick on a pig so to speak.

I was hoping to get perspective here since MSB isn’t biased toward any particular type of off-the-shelf clock.

I am sure @Dustin_Symanski could discuss this with ya, its a bountiful topic :wink: